Rationally develop Yunnan to build brown coal industry cluster

In Yunnan Province, which boasts the nation's second-largest brown coal reserves—over 17 billion tons—the potential for economic growth through lignite development is immense. However, the challenges posed by brown coal’s high moisture content, low calorific value, and poor thermal stability have stymied its full utilization. Recognizing these obstacles, the Yunnan Science and Technology Department has spearheaded efforts to create a comprehensive lignite industry chain and cluster. This initiative has led to the formation of a multi-disciplinary coal chemical industry strategic innovation alliance tasked with executing the "Demonstration Project for Efficient Conversion and Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Development of Yunnan Brown Coal." The project carries a total investment of 445.27 million yuan, with 16 million yuan coming from provincial science and technology special funds. Divided into six sub-projects, it aims to overcome the technical hurdles associated with brown coal utilization. One of the focal points of the project involves advancing lignite gasification techniques to enhance resource efficiency. In China, coal gasification is a primary method for developing lignite resources. To boost this process, the project "Development of Key Technologies and Equipment for Fixed Bed Slag Gasification and Demonstration" was initiated. It focuses on developing large-scale fixed-bed gasifiers capable of processing 1,200 tons of crushed brown coal daily. These systems can efficiently convert lignite into clean fuel gases with a combustible gas content reaching 80% and a cold gas efficiency of 85%. Additionally, this project introduces innovative solutions like using carbon dioxide as a coal lock press and multiple gasifiers, marking a significant advancement in the field. Another crucial aspect is the direct liquefaction of lignite, particularly relevant given Yunnan’s high-moisture, low-rank lignite. The project "Key Technology for Direct Liquefaction of Supercritical Water with High Humidity and Low-Rank Lignite" has made strides in this area. Through this effort, a pilot plant capable of processing two tons of lignite per day has been established, laying the groundwork for scaling up to a commercial facility handling 100 tons daily. This project has achieved international-leading standards, with a carbon conversion rate exceeding 80%, a coal utilization rate over 85%, and an overall energy efficiency of more than 65%. Furthering the goal of resource diversification, the project also explores converting lignite into oil products. By implementing the "One-Step Synthesis of Crude Gasoline by Methanol, Crude Gasoline Purification, and Key Technology Development for Heavy Aromatic Hydrocarbon Extraction," a novel process has been developed. This includes a one-step reactor for synthesizing methanol-based crude gasoline and a purification system for extracting high-purity mesitylene. The demonstration units constructed under this project are expected to yield substantial benefits, including annual outputs of 168,000 tons of refined gasoline and 1.3 million tons of mesitylene, along with additional byproducts such as liquefied petroleum gas and heavy fuel oil. Water resource management is another critical component of the project. Gas water, or "coal gasification wastewater," poses significant environmental challenges due to its complexity and volume. The "Key Gas Resource Recovery and Treatment Technology Development and Engineering Demonstration" project addresses these issues by focusing on recovering ammonia and phenolic substances and treating gas water for reuse. The goal is to achieve near-zero emissions, reduce operational costs, and enhance product quality. Lastly, the project emphasizes clean coal technology to support the diversification of Yunnan’s energy sector. Through initiatives like the "Research and Engineering Demonstration on Low-Temperature Rapid Drying Technology of Lime Gas-Supported Thermal Fluidized Bed," advancements in coal retorting have been achieved. These developments aim to produce high-quality semi-coke, tar, and gas while reducing costs and increasing efficiency. By the end of 2014, this ambitious project is expected to complete ten large-scale industrial and pilot production lines, processing over 500,000 tons of lignite annually. The overall technological level will reach international standards, filling domestic gaps in critical areas like methanol conversion reactors and mesitylene separation equipment. The anticipated annual revenue is projected at 2.484 billion yuan, with a total profit of 300 million yuan. This endeavor not only transforms Yunnan into a major player in the lignite industry but also underscores the province’s commitment to sustainable energy development.

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