In recent years, perovskite materials have garnered significant attention in photovoltaics and optoelectronics due to their exceptional photoelectric properties and the ease with which they can be processed via solutions. Currently, the top photoelectric conversion efficiency of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells has surpassed 25%, a figure that rivals the performance of commercial polysilicon solar cells. Enhancing both the efficiency and stability of these devices remains crucial for their commercial viability.
The research team led by Professor Song Yanlin at the Green Printing Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been actively exploring the preparation and performance of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Through the use of an organic cation substitution method, they successfully achieved an in-situ transition from one-dimensional to three-dimensional perovskites, resulting in large-area, high-quality perovskite films that significantly enhanced the photovoltaic performance of the devices (Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1804454). Additionally, they liquefied the perovskite film using methylamine gas, and by carefully controlling the evaporation of this gas, they created a large-area perovskite film composed of millimeter-sized single-crystal perovskite grains on a titanium dioxide substrate, marking a breakthrough in the field (Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 5402). Furthermore, advancements have been made in enhancing the performance and stability of tin-based perovskite batteries (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 6688).
Given the presence of organic cations in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, these films often suffer from poor thermal stability, impacting both the photovoltaic performance and lifespan of the devices. Replacing organic cations with inorganic alternatives holds immense potential for developing all-inorganic perovskite batteries. Recently, the research team has made notable strides in preparing all-inorganic lead perovskite films and studying their associated photovoltaic cells. Using PbI₂, CsI, and dimethylammonium iodide (DMAI) as precursors, they fabricated CsPbI₃ perovskite films through vacuum-assisted thermal annealing. By carefully regulating the environmental pressure during the annealing process, they balanced the production and release rates of organic by-products during the transformation of the perovskite film. This approach promoted nucleation and crystallization, reduced defect state density, and improved carrier lifetime, thereby significantly boosting the photovoltaic performance of the device. The photoelectric conversion efficiency rose from 17.26% to 20.06%, while the battery's overall stability was markedly enhanced.
These findings were published in *Angewandte Chemie International Edition*. The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation.
Below is a visual representation of the preparation of perovskite films and their impact on solar cell properties through vacuum-assisted thermal annealing:
This innovative approach not only advances the scientific understanding of perovskite materials but also brings us closer to realizing more efficient and stable solar energy solutions.
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