How should China deal with extreme climate

Extreme climate refers to abnormal weather conditions that significantly deviate from the average for a specific region. According to the World Meteorological Organization, if a climatic factor exceeds its 30-year average by more than twice the mean square deviation or occurs more than 25 times in a given period, it is considered an extreme climate event. These events can lead to severe consequences, including floods, droughts, and other natural disasters.

1. Establish a Sound Warning System

With global warming intensifying, extreme weather events are becoming more frequent. Without well-prepared emergency plans, response mechanisms, and sufficient resources, it becomes difficult to manage the impact of such events on communities and infrastructure. A robust warning system ensures timely action, reduces risks, and supports public safety during crises.

2. Enhance Forecasting Accuracy

Weather forecasting remains a challenging task due to the unpredictable nature of climate. However, improving forecast accuracy through advanced technologies and international collaboration is crucial. By integrating data from various models and increasing resolution, governments can make informed decisions to mitigate disaster impacts effectively.

3. Improve Public Awareness and Education

Public education plays a vital role in disaster preparedness. Governments should focus on raising awareness about disaster prevention, self-rescue techniques, and community resilience. Educating both officials and citizens enhances collective readiness and ensures smoother implementation of emergency measures during critical times.

4. Promote Technological Innovation

Investing in technology for disaster management is essential. This includes developing better monitoring systems, early warning tools, and resilient infrastructure. Encouraging research and innovation helps reduce the impact of extreme weather and improves long-term planning for climate change adaptation.

5. Address Secondary Disasters

After major disasters, secondary risks like landslides, infrastructure damage, and environmental hazards often arise. Proactive measures must be taken to prevent these issues, ensuring faster recovery and minimizing long-term damage. Effective planning and rapid response are key to restoring normalcy after extreme events.

Explain: The Impact of Global Warming

Experts have linked recent extreme weather events to global warming. For example, heavy rains in Guangzhou were attributed to rising temperatures and urbanization effects. Professor Wen Zhiping highlighted that increased greenhouse gases are causing more intense rainfall, while urban development exacerbates local climate changes.

In April this year, parts of Guangdong experienced unusually cold temperatures, breaking historical records. Experts suggest that such extreme temperature fluctuations reflect growing climate variability under global warming. Climate change not only increases the frequency of extreme weather but also intensifies its effects.

Despite advances in meteorology, predicting extreme weather remains challenging. Short-term warnings, such as those for heavy rainstorms, are limited to 30 minutes or less. Even in countries with advanced systems, tornadoes and hurricanes are hard to predict. This highlights the need for improved early warning systems and coordinated emergency responses.

Following extreme weather events, gaps in emergency preparedness become evident. While some areas suffered significant damage, others managed to avoid losses due to better access to information. Experts emphasize the importance of timely communication and public awareness in reducing the impact of future disasters.

In conclusion, addressing extreme climate events requires a comprehensive approach—improving forecasting, enhancing public education, investing in technology, and strengthening emergency systems. Only through sustained efforts can societies build resilience against the growing challenges of climate change.