Probiotics are complex biological preparations created through fermentation, purification, and drying processes of beneficial microorganisms found in animal intestines, as approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. They serve as ideal green additives for reducing or replacing antibiotics. Also referred to as microecological or live bacterial preparations, probiotics belong to a category of active microbial additives.
The advantages of probiotics for health and performance are particularly effective in piglets since their intestinal microbiota has not yet stabilized. Additionally, when piglets receive antibiotic treatments for disease management, harmful bacteria often get eliminated in large numbers. Thus, administering probiotics post-antibiotic therapy helps reconstruct the beneficial intestinal microbiota, preventing the host from regaining harmful bacteria.
How do probiotics function? One key mechanism is competitive exclusion. By introducing a selected culture of beneficial microorganisms into the feed, these organisms compete with potentially harmful bacteria for attachment sites and organic matrices like carbon and energy sources. Once probiotics colonize and multiply within the gastrointestinal tract, they hinder the adhesion of other bacteria, including harmful strains like Escherichia coli or Salmonella. This undoubtedly lowers the risk of infections and intestinal disorders.
Another way probiotics work involves bacterial resistance. Probiotic microorganisms, once settled in the intestine, generate bactericidal or bacteriostatic substances such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, hydrogen peroxide, and organic compounds. These substances negatively affect harmful bacteria primarily by decreasing intestinal pH. Lowering the pH partially addresses the issue of insufficient hydrochloric acid secretion in weaned piglets. Furthermore, competition for energy and nutrients between probiotics and other bacteria inhibits pathogen growth.
Understanding probiotics correctly is essential. They focus on disease prevention rather than treatment, maximizing the production potential of animals. However, for certain feeds with higher preparation levels, the effects of adding probiotics may not be immediately visible. The intestinal flora balance theory applies to any animal, explaining the broad range of probiotic applications. Yet, it doesn't imply they can cure all diseases. Since strains are host-specific, a strain isolated from the pig intestine works well for pigs but not necessarily for chickens. Different probiotic products synthesized from various strains must target specific animal groups.
Probiotics are more effective when used during periods when the intestinal flora is not yet established or is still changing. The composition of the gut flora might lack beneficial bacteria or include reactive bacteria, which inhibit growth. Therefore, the impact is most noticeable under poor environmental conditions. Continuous use of probiotics is recommended because the persistence of strains in the gut depends on their ability to compete for intestinal mucosal binding sites. Moreover, the probiotics needed for animals vary across different growth stages. For example, the diet and nutrient content differ before and after weaning, requiring tailored probiotics for different animals.
Domestic and international studies indicate that probiotics are more effective in low-nutrient diets compared to full-price diets with comprehensive nutrition. When using probiotics, consider whether antibiotics are present in the feed. While some probiotic strains are tolerant to antibiotics or produce bacteriocins, most strains are sensitive to them. Even a small amount of bacteriocin serves as an organism's self-protection mechanism. Additionally, the subtherapeutic antibiotic doses in compound feeds exceed the tolerance levels of probiotics.
Finally, probiotic applications in animals mainly involve prevention and growth promotion, which is slower than antibiotic treatments.
Despite their numerous benefits, probiotics require careful consideration and appropriate usage to achieve optimal results.
Island Light
Island Light is a type of Pendant Light commonly used over the central island in a kitchen or over a long table in a dining room. It typically has multiple bulbs to provide sufficient light to illuminate the entire area. Island Lights come in a wide variety of designs, ranging from traditional pendant styles to modern, industrial, or artistic designs. Island Lights not only provide light but can also serve as a decorative element in a room.
Chandelier Light is a commonly used lighting decoration on the island of a restaurant, which can not only meet the lighting function, but also serve as the main focal point decoration of the restaurant. The Island Light is made of a variety of materials, such as crystal, glass, metal, etc., and has a variety of design styles, which can be matched according to your preferences and the overall style of the restaurant. As a rule of thumb, a gap of 72 cm to 90 cm between the edge of the Lighting Fixture and the surface of the island is optimal. Small islands (1.2 to 1.5 m long) are usually suitable for two medium-sized Island Light or a large Island Light. As for the larger islands, three medium-sized or two larger Island Light can be handled.
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