First, pest control and disease prevention
1. Powder dressing: The powder dressing can prevent the seeds from being eaten and prevented by the insects after sowing. The method is to soak the seeds first, and then take the 0.3% insecticide or fungicide of the seed weight and mix well, and then sow. (Note that the germination of the seeds, the buds can not be too long, otherwise it is easy to damage the young shoots). The commonly used insecticidal powder has 90% trichlorfon powder, which can prevent underground pests. Commonly used fungicides are carbendazim, diclosan, etc., which can prevent various diseases such as bacterial wilt and rickets.
2, soaking seeds: generally first soak the seeds for 2-6 hours, depending on the seed, then pick up and then put in the prepared liquid, pay attention to strict control of the soaking time and concentration of the drug, so as not to cause bad as a result of. Generally, formalin 100 times solution is used, and the soaking time is 15-20 minutes. After being taken out, it is sealed and then fumigated for 2-3 hours, then rinsed with water to prevent blight and anthracnose. With 1% copper sulphate, it only needs to be immersed for 5 minutes, then it should be picked up, washed with water, and then sown or germinated to prevent bacterial angular plaque, anthrax, downy mildew and the like. Soaking seeds with 10% trisodium phosphate for 15 minutes can prevent viral diseases.
Second, the use of water temperature soaking seeds disinfection
1. Warm water soaking and disinfection method: the water temperature is 55 °C, the water volume is 5-6 times of the seed, and the water temperature of 55 °C should be kept for about 10 minutes when soaking seeds, so it is necessary to continuously heat up, let the water temperature slowly and naturally decrease after 10 minutes, for tomato Eggplant, cucumber and other warm vegetables should be kept at 25-28 °C, while lettuce, peas, radish and other hot dishes should be kept at 20-22 ° C, this method can kill some of the seeds on the bacteria. The soaking time varies depending on the crop. Solanum and some melons for 8-12 hours, watermelon, bitter gourd, celery, spinach for 24 hours, lettuce for 7-8 hours, cabbage, radish for 4-5 hours, beans for 1-2 hours. In addition, the water should be changed every 6 hours for the long soaking time.
2, hot water scalding disinfection method: water temperature is 70-75 ° C, used for seed coat is hard, difficult to absorb water, and can endure high temperature seeds (such as melon, spinach, watermelon, cucumber, etc.). The amount of hot water scalding should not exceed 5 times the amount of seeds, and the seeds should be dried before scalding, because the more dry the seeds, the more able to withstand high temperatures, otherwise it is easy to scald the seeds. There are two containers for hot water scalding. The hot water of 70-75 °C should be poured back and forth. When the water temperature drops to 55 °C, it will be kept for 7-8 minutes like warm water soaking, and then slowly lowered to the temperature of warm water soaking. .
Third, germination seeds should be germinated after immersion, germination should meet the temperature, humidity and oxygen requirements of the seed germination, often using multiple layers of wet gauze, seeds for a long time with sacks and other wrapped seeds, do not pack too tight, let it Loose, to pass the oxygen. And every 4 to 5 hours to open for ventilation. For the germination temperature, the warm crops are kept at 25-30 °C, and the cool crops are kept at 20-25 °C. The germination time varies according to the type of vegetables: lettuce for 16 hours, cucumber and cabbage for 12 hours, melon and loofah for 17-20 hours, tomato for 48-55 hours, melon for 72 hours, eggplant and pepper for the longest, about 80 hours. When there is 70%-80% bud, stop germination, you can sow.
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