In the production of pollution-free vegetables, it's still essential to manage various pests and diseases, which sometimes requires the use of chemical pesticides. The application of these pesticides directly affects the level of residue in vegetables, ultimately influencing their quality. Therefore, it's crucial to implement "worm control for vegetables." This involves effectively managing pests and diseases to ensure food safety, making the use of pesticides particularly important.
First, when producing non-polluting, safe, high-quality, and nutritious vegetables, it's best to rely on agricultural and physical methods to prevent pests and diseases. (1) Ecological control: For example, using high-temperature sterilization by soaking seeds in warm water can help control many plant diseases, while high-temperature greenhouses can prevent cucumber downy mildew. (2) Natural predators: Introducing beneficial insects like larvae to control whiteflies, or using trichogramma wasps to target cabbage caterpillars, corn borers, and cotton bollworms. Frogs can also be used to control butterflies and moths. (3) Yellow sticky traps: Since aphids and whiteflies are attracted to yellow, placing yellow boards coated with oil in greenhouses is an effective way to trap them. (4) High-tech solutions: Using garlic, strawberry, and potato detoxification technology can reduce viral disease occurrence and increase yield. Grafting techniques, such as those used for watermelons, eggplants, cucumbers, and tomatoes, help control soil-borne pests and improve both yield and quality. (5) Plant-based pest control: Extracts from garlic, onions, loofah leaves, and tomato leaves can act as natural pesticides to control aphids and spider mites. Similarly, extracts from matrine, skunk, and green onion leaves can manage aphids, cabbage worms, and flea beetles. (6) Manual killing: Using the pseudo-death behavior or phototaxis of pests, they can be killed using black lights. Ladybugs, which are harmful to eggplants, can be lured around the plants. Underground pests can be trapped by piling up phoenix tree leaves.
Second, it's important to choose biological pesticides or low-toxicity biochemical agents that are safe for humans, animals, and natural enemies. Examples include BT (Bacillus thuringiensis), cabbage worm granule virus preparations, and beneficial microorganisms. BT bio-insecticide, at 150–200 ml per acre, sprayed every seven days, effectively targets early-stage larvae of cabbage worms, diamondback moths, and bean pod borers. Antibiotics like 120 and wuyimycin can be applied at 500 ml per acre. A solution of liuyangmycin and avermectin diluted 2500–3000 times can control red spiders, aphids, and larvae. Agricultural streptomycin diluted 4000–5000 times helps manage bacterial diseases in vegetables.
Third, select specific insect growth regulators such as chlorbenzuron, Nongmengite, Youle, and Taibao. These chemicals work by inhibiting insect development, preventing them from molting or aging properly. They have high insecticidal activity but very low toxicity to humans and animals.
Fourth, choose high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue pesticides. When used correctly, these pesticides are safer and less likely to cause poisoning incidents.
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