In the process of growing pollution-free vegetables, it's still essential to manage various pests and diseases. While some chemical pesticides may be necessary, their usage directly impacts the level of pesticide residues in the vegetables, which in turn affects the overall quality and safety of the produce. Therefore, implementing an effective "pest control" strategy is crucial. It’s not just about reducing pests—it's about ensuring food safety and maintaining high-quality standards, making the proper use of pesticides more important than ever.
First, the production of non-polluting, safe, and nutritious vegetables should prioritize agricultural and physical methods for pest and disease prevention. (1) Ecological control involves techniques like hot water seed soaking to eliminate pathogens and prevent diseases such as downy mildew in cucumbers. (2) Natural predators can be used, such as larvae to control whiteflies or trichogramma wasps to target cabbage worms, corn borers, and cotton bollworms. Frogs are also effective against moth and butterfly pests. (3) Yellow sticky traps are a practical method, as aphids and whiteflies are attracted to yellow. Applying oil on yellow boards in greenhouses helps reduce infestations. (4) High-tech solutions include using garlic, strawberry, and potato extracts to detoxify and reduce viral infections, while grafting techniques—like those used in watermelons, eggplants, and tomatoes—help control soil-borne diseases and improve yield and quality. (5) Plant-based pesticides made from garlic, onion, loofah leaves, and tomato leaves can effectively manage aphids and red spider mites. Extracts from matrine, skunk, and green onions are also useful for controlling pests like cabbage caterpillars and aphids. (6) Manual killing methods, such as using black lights to exploit the phototaxis of pests or luring ladybugs with pheromones, are also effective in managing specific pests.
Second, when choosing pesticides, it's important to select biological or biochemical agents that are low in toxicity to humans, animals, and beneficial insects. For example, BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) is effective against cabbage worm larvae, and cabbage worm granule virus preparations can be applied at 150–200 ml per acre, sprayed every seven days. Antibiotics like 120 and wuyimycin can be used at 500 ml per acre, while liuyangmycin and avermectin diluted 2500–3000 times help control red spiders and aphids. Agricultural streptomycin at 4000–5000 times dilution is effective against bacterial diseases in vegetables.
Third, selecting insect growth regulators such as chlorbenzuron, Nongmengite, Youle, and Taibao is another option. These chemicals work by inhibiting insect development, preventing them from molting or aging properly. Their high efficacy and low toxicity make them ideal for sustainable pest management.
Finally, choosing high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue pesticides ensures safer application and reduces the risk of health hazards. These products are designed for regular use without causing poisoning incidents, making them a preferred choice for modern agriculture.
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