First, the types and applications of organic fertilizers
Organic fertilizers include manure, green manure, manure, and compost. These fertilizers contain various inorganic salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and organic substances such as proteins, fats and sugars. The fertilizer is good and lasting, but it is slow after application, so it is also called “late-effect fertilizerâ€. Organic fertilizers will rot and decompose in water, consuming oxygen in water, and releasing toxic gases (hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc.) will have certain effects on fish growth. When applying, it is not appropriate to apply a large amount of fresh organic fertilizer directly to the fish pond. It should be closed and fermented and then applied.
Manure
Including manure, livestock, poultry, etc., is a kind of good effect fertilizer, contains more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers, and contains a certain amount of calcium, sulfur, iron and other elements, suitable for topdressing. Because the nitrogen in the excrement is easy to volatilize, it is stored before use and allowed to be fermented before use. When applying, it is necessary to determine the dosage according to the depth of the water, the fatness and the activity of the fish. The method of use can be avoided in a small number of times to avoid sudden deterioration of water quality.
2. Manure
Manure is a mixture of excrement and litter of livestock and poultry, and is also rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. However, the litter contains more cellulose and is slower to decompose. In the rural areas, the manure is accumulated or piled up after being used in the pits, and the base fertilizer can also be used as a top dressing. For the base fertilizer, the dosage is about 500 kg; when it is used for topdressing, it can be applied once every 7 days, and the dosage is about one tenth of the base fertilizer. The specific method is to put the manure in a corner of the pond, sink it into the water, let it gradually analyze the fat content, and diffuse into the water for the use of the bait organism, and the effect is good.
3. Green manure
It includes a variety of wild non-toxic, fast-dissolving grasses, leaves, twigs and stems and leaves of various cultivated crops, such as clover, broad bean (hudou), water peanuts, water hyacinth, etc., which can be used as fish culture materials. These green manures are easy to pick, have the advantages of low cost and quick effect. It can be used as a raw material for mixed compost or directly in a fish pond. Generally, the forage is bundled, stacked on the side of the pool, and the stone is pressed against the bottom of the water to make it smash, and the fat is separated to achieve the purpose of cultivating plankton.
Composting
Composting is a fertilizer that is fermented by mixing manure and forage. Production method: Prepare sufficient grass and livestock and poultry manure; Layered in the prepared pit or pit, first put a layer of grass, sprinkle a small amount (about 1% up and down) of quicklime, then put a layer of dung, according to this into the pit, and finally add water to make It can be completely immersed in water, and finally the pit is sealed with mud. It can be used in about half a month. When in use, uncover - partially seal the mud, take the fertilizer and splash the fish pond.
Second, the types and applications of inorganic fertilizers
Inorganic fertilizer is also known as chemical fertilizer. These fertilizers contain relatively simple nutrients, most of which are fertilizers containing only two fertilizers. It is easy to be decomposed when applied to water, and it is very effective soon. Therefore, it is also called “quick-acting fertilizerâ€. Including nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer.
Nitrogen fertilizer
Nitrogen fertilizer can be directly absorbed and utilized by phytoplankton. It is often used in the breeding industry to promote the growth and reproduction of phytoplankton and increase the amount of filter-feeding fish and non-clam feed. The nitrogen fertilizer commonly used in fish farming is ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride and urea. These nitrogen fertilizers, which are present in the ammonium state, are easily volatilized in the presence of alkali to reduce the fertilizer efficiency, and therefore cannot be mixed with the alkaline fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer is also a quick-acting fertilizer, which is suitable for topdressing and can also be used as base fertilizer. When used as the base fertilizer, 1.5 to 2 kg per mu can be applied, and the amount of top dressing is 1/4 to 1/3 of the base fertilizer.
2. Phosphate fertilizer
Commonly used phosphate fertilizers include superphosphate and phosphate rock. Phosphorus is generally lacking in ponds, and the application of phosphate fertilizer has a significant effect on promoting the growth of plankton and aquatic organisms. Superphosphate is a water-soluble quick-acting fertilizer containing 16% to 18% of available phosphorus. Phosphate rock powder is pulverized from phosphate rock. The phosphorus compound is mainly fluoroapatite which is difficult to decompose. The availability of phosphorus is poor and the fertilizer efficiency is slow. When using superphosphate for topdressing, the amount of cu can be 0.25 kg. Also can not be mixed with alkaline fertilizer, otherwise it will play a chemical role, produce insoluble tricalcium phosphate and reduce fertilizer efficiency.
3. Potash
Common potassium fertilizers include potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and ash, which are all soluble in water. Under normal circumstances, potassium in pond water is sufficient, so the amount of potassium applied is not too much. The amount of base fertilizer is about 0.5 kg; the application rate of top dressing is 1/4 to 1/3 of the base fertilizer. The plant ash contains more potassium and more alkaline. When mixed with other fertilizers, this property cannot be ignored. When using ash, it is best to wet the ash and then spread it evenly in the pond. It should also be noted that the ash should be kept dry, and if it is rained, its potassium content will be lost. Usually, potassium fertilizer is mixed with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the compost is 2:2:1.
4. Calcium fertilizer
Commonly used calcium fertilizers include quicklime and slaked lime. The application of calcium fertilizer has many functions, which can disinfect and neutralize acidic water and provide the calcium required by aquatic organisms. The most commonly used and most suitable is quicklime, which is convenient and economical. It can be used as a sanitizer disinfectant or as a base fertilizer and top dressing.
5. Compound fertilizer
Generally, it refers to a chemical fertilizer which is chemically processed by containing two or two of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. There are two kinds of elements called binary compound fertilizers, such as ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, etc.; there are three kinds of ternary compound fertilizers, such as potassium nitrate. In addition, it also contains a multi-component compound fertilizer with three elements and some other elements. Compound fertilizer can meet the needs of plants for various nutrients, and its fertilizer efficiency is better than other fertilizers, and it is convenient to store and transport.
Third, matters needing attention in fertilization
Fertilization should be targeted, and it should be fertilized according to the weight of the water body. In general, thin ponds and newly built ponds should be given basic fertilizer; fat ponds and old fish ponds with more silt can not be used. In order to supplement the consumption of fertilizer in the water body and promote the biological growth of the bait, it is necessary to add fertilizer to the fish pond. Topdressing should be based on the principle of timeliness, uniformity and quantity.
The effect of fertilization should vary with the seasons. Generally, it is less applied in spring and autumn (more than one amount each time), and more in summer (should be less each time). Usually, according to the changes in weather, water color and fish conditions, moderate fertilization. Usually the weather is sunny and more applied, the rainy days are not applied or less applied, the water color is light and more applied, and the floating head or disease is not applied. In addition, in order to give full play to the different effects of various fertilizers, in actual production, it is best to use or use organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers at the same time, so as to make up for the shortcomings.
When it is determined that the water body lacks certain or certain fertilizers, it is advisable to apply a certain type of fertilizer or a single fertilizer for filling the deficiency. In short, fertilization should take into account many factors, and often in the production practice to be adjusted according to specific circumstances, in order to achieve good results.
From: Hubei Science Association
Organic fertilizers include manure, green manure, manure, and compost. These fertilizers contain various inorganic salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and organic substances such as proteins, fats and sugars. The fertilizer is good and lasting, but it is slow after application, so it is also called “late-effect fertilizerâ€. Organic fertilizers will rot and decompose in water, consuming oxygen in water, and releasing toxic gases (hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc.) will have certain effects on fish growth. When applying, it is not appropriate to apply a large amount of fresh organic fertilizer directly to the fish pond. It should be closed and fermented and then applied.
Manure
Including manure, livestock, poultry, etc., is a kind of good effect fertilizer, contains more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers, and contains a certain amount of calcium, sulfur, iron and other elements, suitable for topdressing. Because the nitrogen in the excrement is easy to volatilize, it is stored before use and allowed to be fermented before use. When applying, it is necessary to determine the dosage according to the depth of the water, the fatness and the activity of the fish. The method of use can be avoided in a small number of times to avoid sudden deterioration of water quality.
2. Manure
Manure is a mixture of excrement and litter of livestock and poultry, and is also rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. However, the litter contains more cellulose and is slower to decompose. In the rural areas, the manure is accumulated or piled up after being used in the pits, and the base fertilizer can also be used as a top dressing. For the base fertilizer, the dosage is about 500 kg; when it is used for topdressing, it can be applied once every 7 days, and the dosage is about one tenth of the base fertilizer. The specific method is to put the manure in a corner of the pond, sink it into the water, let it gradually analyze the fat content, and diffuse into the water for the use of the bait organism, and the effect is good.
3. Green manure
It includes a variety of wild non-toxic, fast-dissolving grasses, leaves, twigs and stems and leaves of various cultivated crops, such as clover, broad bean (hudou), water peanuts, water hyacinth, etc., which can be used as fish culture materials. These green manures are easy to pick, have the advantages of low cost and quick effect. It can be used as a raw material for mixed compost or directly in a fish pond. Generally, the forage is bundled, stacked on the side of the pool, and the stone is pressed against the bottom of the water to make it smash, and the fat is separated to achieve the purpose of cultivating plankton.
Composting
Composting is a fertilizer that is fermented by mixing manure and forage. Production method: Prepare sufficient grass and livestock and poultry manure; Layered in the prepared pit or pit, first put a layer of grass, sprinkle a small amount (about 1% up and down) of quicklime, then put a layer of dung, according to this into the pit, and finally add water to make It can be completely immersed in water, and finally the pit is sealed with mud. It can be used in about half a month. When in use, uncover - partially seal the mud, take the fertilizer and splash the fish pond.
Second, the types and applications of inorganic fertilizers
Inorganic fertilizer is also known as chemical fertilizer. These fertilizers contain relatively simple nutrients, most of which are fertilizers containing only two fertilizers. It is easy to be decomposed when applied to water, and it is very effective soon. Therefore, it is also called “quick-acting fertilizerâ€. Including nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer.
Nitrogen fertilizer
Nitrogen fertilizer can be directly absorbed and utilized by phytoplankton. It is often used in the breeding industry to promote the growth and reproduction of phytoplankton and increase the amount of filter-feeding fish and non-clam feed. The nitrogen fertilizer commonly used in fish farming is ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride and urea. These nitrogen fertilizers, which are present in the ammonium state, are easily volatilized in the presence of alkali to reduce the fertilizer efficiency, and therefore cannot be mixed with the alkaline fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer is also a quick-acting fertilizer, which is suitable for topdressing and can also be used as base fertilizer. When used as the base fertilizer, 1.5 to 2 kg per mu can be applied, and the amount of top dressing is 1/4 to 1/3 of the base fertilizer.
2. Phosphate fertilizer
Commonly used phosphate fertilizers include superphosphate and phosphate rock. Phosphorus is generally lacking in ponds, and the application of phosphate fertilizer has a significant effect on promoting the growth of plankton and aquatic organisms. Superphosphate is a water-soluble quick-acting fertilizer containing 16% to 18% of available phosphorus. Phosphate rock powder is pulverized from phosphate rock. The phosphorus compound is mainly fluoroapatite which is difficult to decompose. The availability of phosphorus is poor and the fertilizer efficiency is slow. When using superphosphate for topdressing, the amount of cu can be 0.25 kg. Also can not be mixed with alkaline fertilizer, otherwise it will play a chemical role, produce insoluble tricalcium phosphate and reduce fertilizer efficiency.
3. Potash
Common potassium fertilizers include potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and ash, which are all soluble in water. Under normal circumstances, potassium in pond water is sufficient, so the amount of potassium applied is not too much. The amount of base fertilizer is about 0.5 kg; the application rate of top dressing is 1/4 to 1/3 of the base fertilizer. The plant ash contains more potassium and more alkaline. When mixed with other fertilizers, this property cannot be ignored. When using ash, it is best to wet the ash and then spread it evenly in the pond. It should also be noted that the ash should be kept dry, and if it is rained, its potassium content will be lost. Usually, potassium fertilizer is mixed with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the compost is 2:2:1.
4. Calcium fertilizer
Commonly used calcium fertilizers include quicklime and slaked lime. The application of calcium fertilizer has many functions, which can disinfect and neutralize acidic water and provide the calcium required by aquatic organisms. The most commonly used and most suitable is quicklime, which is convenient and economical. It can be used as a sanitizer disinfectant or as a base fertilizer and top dressing.
5. Compound fertilizer
Generally, it refers to a chemical fertilizer which is chemically processed by containing two or two of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. There are two kinds of elements called binary compound fertilizers, such as ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, etc.; there are three kinds of ternary compound fertilizers, such as potassium nitrate. In addition, it also contains a multi-component compound fertilizer with three elements and some other elements. Compound fertilizer can meet the needs of plants for various nutrients, and its fertilizer efficiency is better than other fertilizers, and it is convenient to store and transport.
Third, matters needing attention in fertilization
Fertilization should be targeted, and it should be fertilized according to the weight of the water body. In general, thin ponds and newly built ponds should be given basic fertilizer; fat ponds and old fish ponds with more silt can not be used. In order to supplement the consumption of fertilizer in the water body and promote the biological growth of the bait, it is necessary to add fertilizer to the fish pond. Topdressing should be based on the principle of timeliness, uniformity and quantity.
The effect of fertilization should vary with the seasons. Generally, it is less applied in spring and autumn (more than one amount each time), and more in summer (should be less each time). Usually, according to the changes in weather, water color and fish conditions, moderate fertilization. Usually the weather is sunny and more applied, the rainy days are not applied or less applied, the water color is light and more applied, and the floating head or disease is not applied. In addition, in order to give full play to the different effects of various fertilizers, in actual production, it is best to use or use organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers at the same time, so as to make up for the shortcomings.
When it is determined that the water body lacks certain or certain fertilizers, it is advisable to apply a certain type of fertilizer or a single fertilizer for filling the deficiency. In short, fertilization should take into account many factors, and often in the production practice to be adjusted according to specific circumstances, in order to achieve good results.
From: Hubei Science Association
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