Carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions from thermal power generation account for 40% of the total global CO 2 emissions. Therefore, the non-carbon-based power generation technology of fossil fuels is the key to reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Right now, some developed countries are embarking on the development of technologies and equipment for capturing and storing carbon dioxide from thermal power plants, which is also needed most by China. Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission revealed that from the 7th to the 8th of this month, the Chinese government and the United Nations jointly convened a high-level seminar on technology transfer in response to climate change in Beijing, focusing on solving the problem of technology transfer. In the dense forests of Brandenburg in Germany, a thermal power plant is just beginning to run. The plant, called the Schwarze Pumpe, was jointly built by Alstom in France and Vattenfall in Sweden. Unlike traditional thermal power plants, black-pump power plants are trying to reclaim all the carbon dioxide emissions from power generation through carbon capture and storage technologies and equipment. Claude Burckbuchler, president of Alstom China, told The First Financial Daily last week that "carbon dioxide captured during a three-year commissioning of power plants will be injected into the ground after being pressurized to a liquid state," said Claude Burckbuchler, Alstom's China president. 3,000-m gas field, which in turn will increase oil recovery. "Black-pump power plants are just a model of Alstom's carbon capture and storage technology. Bulbre Crudder said Alstom has set up 9 pilot plants for carbon dioxide capture at coal-fired power plants around the world and is expected to achieve full commercialization by 2015. About 2015-2020, we can promote this technology for the Chinese market. However, for China, this emission reduction technology should come earlier. "Most of the emission reduction technologies in the key high-emission industries are in the hands of the developed countries, and taking this technology to the developing countries when it comes to rebuilding key industries undoubtedly will solve a great deal of greenhouse gas emissions." On October 29, Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, told a press conference held by the State Council Information Office. "China advocates the establishment of a technology transfer mechanism whereby developed countries take out 0.7% of GDP to help developing countries combat climate change." Xie Zhenhua revealed that from the 7th to the 8th of this month, the Chinese government and the United Nations jointly convened in Beijing The High-level Seminar on Technology Transfer to Address Climate Change focused on solving this problem. The "black pump" mode black pump power plant is called "the world's first thermal power plant pilot project using oxy-fuel combustion technology" in the industry. From the photographs Alztron Power Systems vice president of technology Su Qisi show to reporters point of view, black pump power plant and the traditional sense of the power plant is not much difference. The biggest difference is that black pump power plants use "oxyfuel combustion boiler." Oxyfuel combustion refers to the use of oxygen instead of air to burn coal to produce highly concentrated carbon dioxide that is readily captured. The unique advantage of this technology is that it can be used both for new coal-fired power plants and for retrofitting existing coal-fired power plants. "We are going to conduct the two-phase test," said Sukosi, who said that the first pilot phase will mainly use lignite and the second pilot phase will mainly use bituminous coal. These tests will retrofit new and existing power plants with important data on heat transfer, combustion efficiency, emissions, dynamic characteristics, power plant design, performance, cost and economics. As a model plant, Black Pump Plant is also equipped with all the components needed to demonstrate a complete oxygen-rich combustion process, from oxygen production to carbon dioxide purification and compression. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), carbon dioxide emitted by power generation accounts for 40% of the total global carbon dioxide emissions. In 2005, the world's carbon dioxide emissions were 11 billion tons. Without any control measures, it is estimated that by 2030, the annual carbon dioxide emissions from power generation will increase to nearly 19 billion tons. Therefore, the non-carbon fossil fuel power generation technology is the key to reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Bulbre Kruder described to Albright a holistic thinking on "carbon capture": starting with the power industry in its main business area, providing advanced, reliable and affordable technology that captures and buries carbon dioxide Save to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the field of power generation. The specific timetable is to realize the marketization of post-combustion capture technology by 2015 and to realize the market-oriented solution of oxy-fuel combustion around 2020. In addition to black-pump power plants, Alstom tests oxygen-rich combustion capture technology at its eight pilot plants in Germany, France, Norway, Sweden, the United States and Canada. There are three main technologies for CO2 capture: pre-combustion capture, oxy-combustion capture and post-combustion capture. Su Qiaosi told reporters Alstom is focusing on the latter two kinds of technology research and development, because the two technologies face a larger market. "Pre-combustion capture technology can only be used for new power plants." Mr Su said the latter two technologies are crucial to emerging markets like China, which need to upgrade existing power generation equipment to meet environmental requirements. According to the International Energy Agency's forecast, by 2030, the total installed capacity of power generation in the world will nearly double and the renewable energy technologies driven by wind (seven times) and hydropower (by 80%) will grow rapidly. By 2030, there will be strong but limited growth in nuclear capacity (50%). Either way, by 2030, fossil fuel power generation will still account for more than 60% of total power generation. The growth in demand for electricity meant strong growth in the coal market, driven by new installed capacity in China and India and new and existing power generation facilities in Europe and the United States. International Energy Agency projections show that by 2030, China and India will account for about 50% of new global installed capacity. Carbon capture threshold Clearly increasing costs by adding technology and equipment to increase CO2 capture and storage at existing and under-constructed plants. This is the first hurdle to be crossed by the power plant. However, Joan Gibbons, founder and director of the British Carbon Capture Alliance, believes there is not much money added. He analyzed that there are always people who think that "capturing needs to consume money" is a problem of carbon capture and storage technology. With current technology, capture requires about 25% extra fuel and additional equipment. This will increase power generation costs by 30% to 40%. The additional costs may seem like a lot, but on average, the cost of emission reduction per tonne of carbon dioxide costs only 25-30 euros (equivalent to 250-300 yuan). "This issue depends on what you think." Su Qisi analysis said that you can refer to the cost of oil changes. A few years ago, the price of oil per barrel was still US $ 25 and it had risen to 147 U.S. dollars in the recent past. This growth is quite substantial but it has gradually become affordable to everyone. Back to the cost of power plants, with the widespread adoption of technology, the cost will gradually decline. Su said that earlier in the installation of desulphurization plants in various countries' power plants, people once thought that they had increased costs and were unwilling to accept them. And as more and more installations were installed, the cost would drop to a level that everyone could accept. It is estimated that the cost of transporting and storing carbon dioxide accounts for 20% of the total cost of capture and storage. Carbon dioxide can be shipped through conventional pipelines that can use existing oil and gas pipelines. In addition to cost factors, the delay of construction funds and related laws and regulations is also a big issue. In an interview with reporters, Bulbul Kroeder acknowledged that the promotion of carbon capture and sequestration technologies is facing legal and financial challenges. "We also need to promote society-wide awareness of such technologies and increase their awareness. We need legislative support to ensure that such technologies are realized and promoted, for example, requiring each new power plant to be equipped with a carbon dioxide capture device." However, Bulbul Kruid said: "We are very pleased to see the global public attitudes toward this technology are changing." Last year, the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a unit of the UN, estimated that in theory By 2100, 220 billion tons to 2.2 trillion tons of carbon dioxide gas could be buried through "Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)" technology, which will reach 15% to 55% of the total global carbon dioxide treatment by then. Nonetheless, this year, carbon capture and storage is still being "attacked" by environmental groups. A report by an international environmental organization in May concluded that "carbon sequestration and storage are scams and are full of uncertainties." Some environmental groups have also demanded that the government relinquish its investment in carbon capture and that "investing in renewable More energy-efficient, such as solar and wind energy. "" Carbon capture is technically feasible - and beyond doubt. "He explained that scientists around the world have come up with a number of different carbon capture technologies. Alstom focused on the development of oxygen-rich combustion technology and combustion capture technology. The technology itself is theoretically free of any problems, the question is how to promote from the laboratory to large-scale commercial applications. The Norwegian Sleipner project is known as the originator of all carbon capture projects. In this project, natural gas is stripped of carbon dioxide as it is being withdrawn from the ground and carbon dioxide is pumped back underground for 1 million tonnes a year, a project that has lasted for 11 years. According to Global Energy Network, Australia also announced the implementation of its first carbon capture and storage (CCS) verification unit at Victoria in early April this year. This project in southwestern Victoria will capture 100,000 tons of carbon dioxide from natural gas and inject it into depleted natural gas reserves 2 kilometers away. Difficulties in technology transfer Many technologies, when introduced to some Chinese enterprises, may become bad. Taking Alstom flue gas desulfurization technology as an example, the desulfurization equipment installed in the power plant can reduce the emission of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides by more than 90%. The supercritical and ultra-supercritical technologies can reduce the carbon dioxide emissions by more than 30% . another