The topic of genetically modified (GM) foods has sparked global debate. How do different countries perceive these products? There are many questions, and some myths have circulated. To get a clearer picture, Xinhua News Agency reporters conducted an international survey, covering both the "strongholds" of GM technology and nations that remain skeptical, such as France. Overall, the trend is clear: the benefits of GM foods outweigh the resistance.
There is no dispute over the fact that GM foods are widely available in most countries. None of the surveyed nations have outright banned their sale. Instead, they are present to varying degrees, with different levels of regulation and public acceptance.
Among the countries studied, several show a relatively friendly attitude toward GM foods, including the United States, Canada, Brazil, Japan, Russia, the UK, France, and Kenya. North America, in particular, is considered a hub for genetic modification. The U.S. is the world's largest producer of GM crops. In both the U.S. and Canada, there is no requirement for labeling GM products, and consumers have been eating them for years through supermarkets and restaurants.
France, known for its skepticism toward GM foods, has twice attempted to ban the commercial cultivation of a specific GM crop. However, these bans were overturned by the French Supreme Administrative Court. Despite this, the French government continues to maintain a cautious stance. Yet, more than 30 GM food products are available on supermarket shelves, and over 40 GM crops are permitted for import into the EU.
In between these extremes, many countries allow GM foods but apply different labeling rules. For example, the UK requires mandatory labeling if the GM content exceeds 0.9%, while Japan allows up to 5% and Russia allows up to 9%. In Brazil, if the GM component is only used as an ingredient, it may not need to be labeled at all.
Despite the scientific consensus on the safety of GM foods, public concern remains high. Scientists largely support GM technology, but the general public often expresses doubt. A 2012 French poll found that 79% of people were worried about GM products. In the UK, around 80% still resist the idea of consuming GM foods. Some Russian media have linked GM organisms to extraterrestrial life, while Japanese consumers often say they can't tell the difference. Even in the U.S., where GM foods are widely consumed, 26% of people believe they are unsafe, according to a New York Times survey.
Governments also face complex decisions. Although Russia has had concerns about GM foods, its Agriculture Minister recently announced plans to revise regulations, suggesting a possible shift in policy. The UK, bound by EU laws influenced by countries like France, faces restrictions, but its Environment Minister has openly supported GM development and criticized the EU’s slow progress.
Academic support, public suspicion, and governmental hesitation are common across many nations. According to Anthony Chitham, vice president of the Royal Society of England, this gap between scientific consensus and public perception requires continued research and better communication. However, the global trend shows that more countries are gradually embracing GM technology, recognizing its potential benefits.
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