The sand blasting machine is a crucial tool used in the cleaning process of castings, playing a vital role in achieving high-quality surface finishes. Its main components include pressure regulators, solenoid valves, filters, pressure gauges, nozzles, and sand pipes. However, improper use or maintenance can lead to frequent malfunctions, affecting both performance and productivity. Understanding common issues and their solutions helps users maintain efficiency and reduce downtime.
Below is a detailed list of common faults, their causes, and troubleshooting methods for sand blasting machines:
| **Common Fault** | **Possible Causes** | **Solutions** |
|------------------|---------------------|---------------|
| No compressed air or abrasive material | Air supply not turned on | Turn on the air supply |
| | Pressure regulator set too low | Adjust pressure to at least 0.5MPa |
| | Foot switch damaged or misadjusted | Repair or replace the foot switch |
| | Nozzle or abrasive valve clogged | Clean nozzle or reload abrasive |
| | Safety airway is blocked | Check and repair the safety air valve |
| | Main pressure regulator failure | Inspect and replace the main pressure regulator |
| | Control valve malfunction | Check and replace the control valve |
| Sand enters the vacuum bag | New vacuum bag has gaps | Allow it to settle for 8 hours before use |
| | Abrasive is too fine | Use coarser sand for better results |
| Abrasive leakage | Vacuum bag has holes or is not sealed properly | Replace the vacuum bag and reseal it |
| Poor visibility during blasting | Vacuum bag is clogged | Tap the vacuum bag to clear blockage |
| | Vacuum bag is aged or blocked | Replace the vacuum bag |
| | Excessive dust in the sand | Change the sand to a cleaner one |
| | Return pipe is clogged | Clear the sand tube and check for blockages |
| | Compressed air pressure is too high | Reduce pressure to recommended levels |
| Poor blasting effect | Compressed air pressure is too low | Increase pressure to optimal levels |
| | Nozzle size is too small | Replace with larger nozzles |
| | Used abrasive exceeds its lifespan | Remove old sand and add new material |
**Maintenance Tips for Sand Blasting Machines:**
- Regularly drain water from the filter and compressor to ensure smooth operation.
- Always dry new sand before adding it to the system.
- Avoid placing heavy parts (over 10 tons) into the machine; long or oversized items should not be blasted.
- Clean the sand pit and storage chamber quarterly to prevent buildup.
- Ensure the exhaust fan and water spray are always on during operation.
- Do not use the machine without permission from the supervisor.
- Assign a responsible person for daily maintenance.
- Keep the equipment clean and free from debris.
- Ensure air pressure does not exceed 0.5 MPa during operation. Drain the pipe before blasting.
- After use, turn off the motor, compressed air, and lights.
- If mechanical issues occur, stop the machine immediately and have it repaired by a professional before resuming use.
**Additional Failure Analysis:**
When the sand blasting machine fails to spray sand, the pressure must be above 0.7 MPa. Low pressure reduces the impact force, leading to poor blasting results. The nozzle size is inversely proportional to the blasting pressure. A typical domestic nozzle has a length of 3.5 mm and lasts about 300 hours. Once worn beyond 4.5 mm, the blasting power decreases significantly. The machine requires diamond particles between 60–80 mesh; if the particle size is too fine, blasting efficiency drops.
If the nozzle does not produce sand, it could be due to foreign objects blocking the flow. Corundum used in the machine should be regularly screened and cleaned to remove impurities. Excessive dust in the sand hopper can cause clumping at the bottom, preventing proper sand suction through the sand tube.
By following these guidelines and maintaining the machine properly, operators can extend its lifespan and improve overall performance. Regular inspections and timely repairs are essential to avoid costly breakdowns and ensure consistent results.
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