One method to address seepage in a backwater embankment is to open drainage ditches. Starting from the highest point of water seepage, several vertical trenches are dug perpendicular to the embankment or at an angle of 40 to 60 degrees. These trenches are connected through gutters to form a drainage system. Typically, the trench width ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 meters, with a depth between 0.5 and 1.0 meters. The spacing between trenches is usually 6 to 10 meters. It is important that the ditches are properly filtered. After excavation, layered filter materials are placed inside to prevent the trench walls from collapsing.
The second method is reverse filtration. If the soil quality of the embankment is poor or the area affected is small, a large-scale infiltration system can be applied. First, clear the surface debris at the seepage site, then fill the area layer by layer according to the filtration requirements.
The third approach involves building a wall along the river. In the seepage section, clay-filled bags are placed along the slope to construct a front wall. The size of the wall depends on the river's depth and the extent of seepage. Generally, the top of the wall is 3 to 5 meters wide and extends 1 meter above the water level. Its length should extend at least 5 meters beyond both ends of the seepage area. If the river has a fast flow, it’s advisable to use woven fence piles or temple bags to create partition walls before filling with soil.
The fourth technique involves using geotextiles for interception and diversion. Geotextiles have excellent impermeability and drainage properties. A non-permeable geotextile is laid on the water-facing side of the structure to reduce seepage caused by floodwaters. On the slope of the embankment, a highly permeable geotextile is used to drain water that has entered the dam or dike, effectively "blocking it in the lower row."
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Submission:
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